ECMAScript 6(ES6)及后续版本为 JavaScript 带来了许多强大的新特性。
let 和 const
块级作用域变量声明:
let x = 10;
const PI = 3.14159;
箭头函数
简洁的函数语法:
const add = (a, b) => a + b;
const greet = name => `Hello, ${name}!`;
模板字符串
const name = "World";
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
解构赋值
// 数组解构
const [a, b] = [1, 2];
// 对象解构
const {name, age} = {name: "Alice", age: 25};
展开运算符
const arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
const arr2 = [...arr1, 4, 5];
const obj1 = {a: 1};
const obj2 = {...obj1, b: 2};
Promise
处理异步操作:
fetch('/api/data')
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => console.log(data))
.catch(error => console.error(error));
async/await
更优雅的异步代码:
async function fetchData() {
try {
const response = await fetch('/api/data');
const data = await response.json();
return data;
} catch (error) {
console.error(error);
}
}
类
面向对象编程:
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name;
}
greet() {
console.log(`Hello, I'm ${this.name}`);
}
}
模块
// 导出
export const name = "Module";
export default function() {}
// 导入
import defaultExport, {name} from './module.js';
这些特性让 JavaScript 开发更加现代化和高效!

